References

  1. E. Schulman, National Geographic 355-372 (1958) 'Bristlecone Pine, Oldest Known Living Thing'.
  2. M. Stokes, T. Smiley, Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating (1968) Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  3. C.W. Ferguson, Science 839-846 (1968) 'Bristlecone Pine: Science and Esthetics' .
  4. H. Fritts, Bristlecone Pine in the White Mountains of California (1969) Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
  5. D. Lambert, Audubon 50-55 (1970) 'Martyr for a species'.
  6. C.W. Ferguson, Tree-Ring Bulletin (1969) vol. 29: 1-29 'A 7104-year annual tree-ring chronology for bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata, from the White Mountains, Calif'.
  7. D. Muench (photos), D. Lambert (text), Timberline Ancients (1972) C.H. Belding, Portland, Oregon.
  8. P.H. Armstrong, Geographical Magazine (1972) 44 (9): 637-639 'Bristlecone pines tell an 8000-year story'.
  9. V.C. LaMarche Jr., Science 183: 1043-1048 (1974) 'Paleoclimatic Inferences from Long Tree-Ring Records'.
  10. R. Schmid, M.J. Schmid, Natural History (1975) 38-45 'Living Links with the Past'.
  11. C.W. Ferguson, Environment International (1979) 2: 209-214 'Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine, Pinus longaeva'.
  12. H.C. Fritts, Tree Rings and Climate (1976) Academic Press, London.
  13. R.H. Mohlenbrock, Natural History (1985) 94 (5): 38-41 'Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest'.
  14. C.A. Hall, Natural History of the White-Inyo Range (1991) University of California Press, Berkeley.
  15. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture handout (20250), (1994) 'Ancient Bristlecone PineForest'

Credits

Thanks to the following people who contributed to this website:

Photo notes

The photographs shown on these pages were made with a 35mm Nikon FM mounted on a tripod. My choice of film is Kodachrome 64. The use of a tripod is necessary due to the slow film speed and the strong winds that are often present. The use of a UV filter or polarization filter is a must at these altitudes (10-11,000 ft.). Lenses used were a Nikkor 35 & 105mm, a Tamron 60-300mm was used on occasion. The images were then scanned to disk with a Polaroid SprintScan 35 slide scanner, others were transfered to Kodak Photo CD. Final adjustments were made in Adobe Photoshop.

The experience of capturing these trees and their surroundings on film is an exciting one. The rich textures, colors and shapes force the artist to view the bristlecones in a way that is endless in its possibilities. But we must always keep in mind the fragile invironment here. The temptation to wander off the designated trails is great and must be avoided! The use of a telephoto lens may help with this delemma.

I found the most dramatic lighting occuring at Patriarch Grove in either early morning or late afternoon. (If your going to catch the sunrise at Patriarch, you must accurately manage your time, as it is 12 miles on a dirt road beond Schulman Grove).
Late afternoon for the Discovery Trail at Schulman Grove (especially the west side).
Methuselah Walk Trail to Methuselah Grove at sunrise or early morning. (The trail here is 4 miles long, about 2-4 hrs. in time) These are all just suggestions, as the bristlecones can be extemely photogenic at any time of day.

Don't forget to bring sunglasses, a hat, and plenty of water for your walk.

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