Bibliography

Primary Sources

Jones, Landon Y., ed. The Essential Lewis and Clark. New York: Harper Collins Publisher Inc., 2000.

This book was very helpful. It showed us entries from the actual journals of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. It is basically their journals but written in a different format. The editor kept the original spellings of words but corrected the punctuation and capitalization. It gave us an understanding of how they wrote and described their observations. This book also gave us some quotes that were very helpful in the making of our website.

Lewis, Meriwether and William Clark. The Lewis and Clark Journals. 1804-1806. Ed. Gary E. Moulton. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003.

This was the actual journals of Lewis and Clark with no changes to their original writings. Lewis and Clark wrote daily in their journals .They described everything they encountered and saw in great detail. We learned about the lives and customs of the different tribes of Native Americans. We learned about how they communicated with the Indians. We learned about the vast unexplored land of the Louisiana Purchase. We learned about the new animals and plants that they encountered. Their journals tell the story of a journey of discovery and exploration that helped shape our future.

The Library of Congress. 11 Jan. 2005 <http://www.loc.gov/>.

This website gave us the map that Lewis and Clark carried with them. We used this picture on our “Mapping the West” page.

Secondary Sources

“American Indians.” National Park Service. 3 Oct. 2004 <http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/lewisandclark/indians.htm>.

This website told us how the Corps of Discovery communicated with the native people. They communicated with the Indians through translators and they also used sign language. It said that most of the 55 Native American tribes that they encountered were very helpful and courteous to the white people. It said that some of the native people saved the expedition from starvation while they were crossing the continent.

Bouvier, A.C. Butch. L&C Replicas Keelboat.com. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://www.keelboat.com/photos.htm>.

This website gave us the photo of the keelboat for our home page.

Bowen, Andy Russell. The Back of Beyond. Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books, Inc., 1997.

This book told us about why the expedition was being carried out. It also told us about some of the animals that they encountered. The animals were mosquitoes, antelope, prairie dogs, beavers, wolverines and Grizzly Bears.

Classroom Clipart. 17 Jan. 2005 <http://www.classroomclipart.com/ >.

This website gave us some of the pictures that we used for our website. These pictures can be used as long as it is for educational purposes.

D3: The Mighty Ducks. “Victory over the Varsity.” Hollywood, 1996.

This was the song that we used on our website. We chose this song because it went well with our theme of communicating, exploring and understanding the west.

Download-Free-Pictures.com.17 Jan. 2005 < http://download-free-pictures.com/>.

This website gave us many valuable pictures that we used on our website. These pictures can be used as along as it is for educational purposes and you credit their website using a link.

Faber, Harold. Lewis and Clark From Ocean to Ocean. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp., 2002.

This book gave us a great description of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. It was very easy to read and it gave us information about the lives of Lewis and Clark both before and after their journey. It described the important details of their journey and told us about some of the animals and plants that Lewis and Clark encountered. It also gave us dates for our historical timeline. This book was very helpful.

Free Stock Photos. 17 Jan. 2005 <http://free-stock-photos.com/>.

This website is where we got the picture of a wolverine for our home link.

Gilman, Carolyn. Lewis and Clark Across the Divide. St. Louis: Smithsonian Books and Missouri Historical Society, 2003.

This book helped us write our “Mapping the West” page. It showed us the tools they used to create their map. These included the chronometer, compass, sextant and octant. It also explained William Clark’s method of dead reckoning and good record keeping.

Lewis & Clark Great Journey West. Prod. Lisa Truitt, Jeff T. Miller. National Geographic, 2004.

This movie was very helpful in giving us an inside look at what the explorers experienced. It explained to us that Lewis and Clark were under strict orders by President Thomas Jefferson to be-friend the Indians. It showed us the unexplored path that Lewis and Clark took. We learned about the explorers shipping some of their discoveries back to President Jefferson. It also showed the troubles they had during their adventure, the important people that helped them on their journey, and what they did when they encountered new animals and the different Indian tribes.

Lewis & Clark The Journey of the Corps of Discovery. Prod. Ken Burns. PBS Home Video, 1997.

This movie was one of our best sources. It made us feel like we were actually on the journey to the west coast ourselves. We learned a lot of useful information while we imagined that we were part of the group. This movie brought to life this exciting adventure. It told us the reasons why the journey was carried out, which was to find the Northwest Passage. It also told us about what Lewis and Clark did before and after their journey to the Pacific Ocean. This movie was on DVD and it had many special features. We enjoyed learning about how the movie was made.

Marcovitz, Hal. Sacagawea: Guide for the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2001.

This book told us how Sacagawea was a very important factor to the expedition’s success. It also told us how she struggled all the way through the rugged mountains while nursing a newborn child. This book also explained how Sacagawea interpreted the messages that Lewis and Clark had for the Indians. It told us that no one knows when she died; some believe that she lived with her native tribe, the Shoshone’s, until she was 100.

Monticello The Home of Thomas Jefferson. 22 Jan. 2005 <http://www.monticello.org/reports/intrests/peace_medal.html>.

This site is where we got the pictures of the peace medals for the “Communicating with the Indians” page of our website.

Patent, Dorothy Hinshaw. The Lewis and Clark Trail: Then and Now. New York: Dutton Children’s Books, 2002.

This book was very easy to read to give us another viewpoint of the expedition. We used some quotes from this book. This book gave us many minor facts and details that were not mentioned in a lot of other books that we read.

Peterson, David, Mark Coburn. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark: Soliders, Explorers, and Partners in History. Chicago: Children’s Press, 1988.

This book explains the lives of the two captains from their birth, their first acquaintances with each other, their expedition together, to their deaths. It really gave us an inside look at how close these friends were. It also told us about how and where they both were born and where they each died. Along with all of that this book shows us the journey and how the two captains interacted with each other on the trail.

Santella, Andrew. Lewis and Clark. Canada: A Division of Scholastic Inc., 2001.

This book helped us to write our page about “Mapping the West.” It told us some of the instruments and what they used them for. It also told us how they drew the maps. This book also told us about how they navigated on the river.

Schmidt, Thomas and Schmidt, Jeremy. The Saga of Lewis and Clark: Into the Uncharted West. New York: DK Publishing, Inc., 1999.

This book told us about the things that the expedition encountered on their trip. They encountered Indians, new plants, and animals. It also talked about how they communicated back to the president at that time, Thomas Jefferson. They also talked about the rough stuff they encountered, such as the mountains and the harsh winters that they endured in the west.

Slaughter, Thomas P. Exploring Lewis and Clark. New York: Knopf, Alfred A., 2003.

This exciting novel shows the ups and downs of the journey. This book also showed that in order for all the members of the party to understand the conversation, it would be translated about five times. Sometimes they would use sign language and other times Sacagawea would interpret. This made us realize that without Sacagawea the journey wouldn’t have made it all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

Stefoff, Rebecca. Lewis and Clark. United States of America: Chelsea House Publishers, 1992.

This book was very helpful. It was one of the first books we read. It gave us our first insights to what the expedition was like, what happened during it, and who were the leaders and crew. It also told us the history of why the expedition was conducted.

Stein, R. Conrad. Lewis and Clark. New York: Children’s Press, 1997.

This book gave us a rough outline of what happened during the expedition. It told us what they encountered and who they encountered. This book was helpful in giving us an idea of what the expedition was like for the explorers.

Talbot, Margaret. “Searching for Sacagawea.” National Geographic.” Feb. 2003: 68-85.

This magazine article told us a little more about the little known Sacagawea. It taught us more about her history and help on the expedition. This article refers to Sacagawea as Lewis and Clark’s pathfinder.

Tubbs, Stephenie Ambrose. The Lewis and Clark Companion. New York: Henry Holt, 2003.

This book told us about the people that accompanied Lewis and Clark and their role in the expedition. They talked about the different journal entries from each member’s different point of view. It also talks about the different Indians that they encountered, and what the Indians either traded or gave to the white men.

White, Alana. Sacagawea: Westward With Lewis and Clark. New Jersey: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1997.

This book gave us an inside look at what Sacagawea did for Lewis and Clark on their journey. It also showed us how important Sacagawea was for communicating with the Indians. She was a major role in the expedition’s success, but she wasn’t given full credit until the year 2001.

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